Remotely adjustable valve stem



J1me 1951 D. w. TURNER REMOTELY ADJUSTABLE VALVE STEM Filed July 2, 19472 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

M R A fi Q R M R m m wmfr I H mix 8 B M a 5 X m a June 19, 195] D.W.YTURNER 2,557,847

REMOTELY ADJUSTABLE VALVE STEM 2 SheetsSheet 2 Filed July 2, 1947 F rV5297 98 Patented June 19, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE REMOTELYADJUSTABLE VALVE STEM Delber W. Turner, Houston, Tex., assign: toPetrolite Corporation, Ltd., Wilmington, Del., a corporation ofDelaware.

Application July 2, 1947, Serial No. 758,675

' 7 Claims. (01. 299-58) My invention relates to a remotely adjustablevalve system for discharging a stream of fluid into one or more tanks orcontainers under controlled conditions. It finds particular utility inthose arts in which it is desired to discharge a stream of liquid into aspace, e. g., the interior of a tank, in a carefully controlled manner.

It is often desirable to discharge such a stream while adjustablycontrolling the amount of fluid discharged, the velocity of thedischarged stream, the throw of the stream, the size of the stream, thedegree of agitation or mixing during discharge, or the degree ofcirculation induced in the medium in the tank by the incoming stream. Itis an object of the present invention to provide a novel valve system orfluid distribution system The invention is particularly concerned withthe discharge of liquids, but such liquids may be of variouscomposition, depending upon the process in which the invention is used.In some instances, the liquid may be of uniform composition throughout,e. g., a single-phase system. On the other hand, particular advantagesarise from use of the invention in the making and separating ofcomposite or multi-phase streams, e. g dispersions or emulsions of tworelatively immiscible liquids, a suspension of solid particles in aliquid phase, a suspension or dispersion comprising a liquid phasecarrying either liquid or solid dispersoids, etc. All such multi-phasesystems are hereinafter referred to as dispersions.

It is an object of the invention to provide a novel adjustable valvesystem for such dispersions and adapted, among other things, to controlthe mixing action exerted on a stream of the dispersion during passagetherethrough, whether used alone or in conjunction with other mixingdevices; to exert a minutely-adjustable mixing action at the point ofdelivery of the stream to the processing tank; to reform the interfacesof such a dispersion at the instant of discharge into a tank, etc.

To obtain these and other desirable efiect-s. it is desirable to use adistributor or valve system providing a discharge opening and a movabledischarge-controlling member arranged to define an orifice through whichthe fluid discharges, the discharge-controlling member being biasedtoward orifice-closing position. It is an object of the presentinvention to provide a novel torsion means for biasing such a movabledischarge-controlling member and to provide a novel adjustment therefor,the torsion means comprising a relatively long spring torsion memher.

It is a further object of the invention to connest cperatively one endof a spring torsion member and a discharge-controlling member in suchmanner as to exert a pull on the latter member as determined by thetorsional force in the spring torsion member, and to twist anotherportion 2 of the spring torsion member to establish a torque in thetorsion member.

Another object is to provide a variable area discharge orifice at theend of a pipe, and to change the size of this orifice by twisting aspring torsion member extending into a portion of the pipe.

Still another object of the invention is to extend such a spring torsionmember to an operative position outside the tank for application andadjustment of torsion.

Another object is to provide for the periodic flushing or cleaning ofthe fluid-conducting system. including the discharge orifice, and forsubsequent reapplication of the identical biasing force previouslyapplied.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be evident to thoseskilled in the art from .the following description of exemplifiedembodiments.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the application of the inventionto the distribution of fluid to a plurality of tanks;

Fig. 2 is a view, partially in section, of one embodiment of the fluiddistribution system or valve system;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an end view partially in section taken on the line 4-4 of Fig.2;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along the irregular line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is an end view of an alternative control means of the invention;and

Fig. 7 is an elevational view of the control means of Fig. 6, taken asindicated by the arrow 1.

The invention will be exemplified with reference to the synthesizing andseparation of dispersions or emulsions, the separation being aided, ifdesired, by various treating expedients applied either ahead of orwithin the tanks.

As shown in Fig. 1, a pump l0 forces a stream of one of the liquids, e.g., mineral oil, along a pipe I] to a junction l3 where it is met by astream of the other liquid, e. g., a liquid capable of reactingchemically or combining physically with certain undesired constituentsof the first stream, while being sufiiciently immiscible therewith toform a dispersion. This other stream reaches the junction l3 through apipe l4 under the action of a pump I5. In a typical installation, watercan thus be introduced into certain oils toremove water-solublematerials which can be brought into association with the water by meremixing or by supplementary processing steps within the tanks to bedescribed. A dispersion of the two liquids is produced when the streamsare first brought together at the junction l3, during fiow along a pipel6. during flow through a weight-loaded mixing valve [1, and/or at thepoint of discharge into the tank.

In some processes, it is desirable to add chemical treating agents ormodifying agents to one or the other or both or the two streams beforeformation of the dispersion or even after it is formed. In thisconnection, Fig. 1 shows pipes 22 and 23 through which such materialscan be introduced into the pipe either ahead of or beyond the pump l0.Pipes 24 and 25 can be used to introduce such materials at. the intakeor dischargeof the pump l5. Pipe 26 may be used to discharge suchmaterial into the dispersion flowing in the pipe IS.

The dispersion-synthesizing means thus far described is employed withone or more tanks, two of such tanks 35 and 30 being shown in Fig. 1,the stream of the dispersion dividing at a junction 32 and moving underpressure to the respective tanks through pipes 33 and 33'. Flow meters Mand M may be disposed in these pipes. As the tanks 35 and 30' and theirrelated equipment are identical, a specific descriptionof the valvesystem or fluid distribution system for one tank will sufllce.

The valve system for each tank is best shown in Fig. 2, whichexemplifies the invention with reference to discharge of a horizontalstream of the dispersion into the tank. In the illustrated embodiment,the dispersion is delivered radially outward from a discharge positioncoaxial with the vertical axis of the tank and at a vertical positionwhich will be determined by the processing steps employed in'theparticular system. It is usually desirable that the stream be dischargedinto the tank in submerged position so as to be jetted outwardly in aliquid environment.

As best shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the valve system includes a first pipemeans which may include that portion of the pipe 33 which extends intothe tank 30 and a first or riser pipe 34. In the preferred construction,a four-way pipe fitting or junction member 35 is used, the end of thepipe 33 being threaded into one of the horizontal legs and the lower endof the riser pipe 34 being threaded into the upper vertical leg, thelower vertical leg being closed by a plug 35. The riser pipe 34 providesa fluid-conducting passage 38 receiving fluid under pressure from achamber 33 of the junction member 35. For a purpose to be laterdescribed, the remaining horizontal leg of the junction member 35preferably receives a second pipe 40 providing a passage 4| which openson the chamber 39. The incoming fluid or dispersion flowing through thepipe 33 under the action or the pumps l and |5, or any other pressuremeans, moves upwardly in the riser pipe 34 as indicated by the arrows42. The riser pipe is shown as includingv a T-fltting 44 and astationary discharge member 45, the latter providing a discharge opening45 ending at a seat 41 which is shown as an annular wall extendingsubstantially horizontally. Positioned in the path of flow of the fluidis a discharge-controlling member 50 movable with respect to thedischarge member 45 to provide a variable-area discharge orifice 5|through which discharges a radiallyflowing stream 52 which is jettedhorizontally from all peripheral portions of the discharge orifice-5|.The desired degree of vertical flaring of this stream, if any, isdetermined by the design of the valve system, particularly the shape ofthe seat 41 and a cooperating annular wall 411: oi the movabledischarge-controlling member 55.

The discharge-controlling member 55 is prelerably biased towardclosed-orifice position by a biasing means to be later described. In thepreten-ed embodiment of the invention, the discharge-controlling member50 is positioned to be urged toward orifice-opening position by fluidunder pressure in the riser pipe 34. In the illustrated embodiment, thisis accomplished by forming the member 55 as a head extending across theupper end of the discharge opening of the discharge member 45 so thatfluid under pressure therein will exert on the discharge-controllingmember an upward force tending to lift same against the biasing forceand toward open-orifice position to increase the thickness oi the stream52. In the absence of this flow oi fluid, the movabledischarge-controlling member 50 will be resiliently seated on the seat41 in closed-orifice position. To obtain a better control of the mixingaction and a better centering action, the lower surface of thedischarge-controlling member 50 may be curved to form a point-likeextension 53 which spreads the stream toward the discharge orifice 5|.

The downward resilient biasing force on the discharge-controlling member50 is preferably exerted through an actuating member or tension membergenerally indicated by the numeral 55 extending longitudinally of thefirst or riser pipe 34. The uppermost end of such a tension member isoperatively connected to the dischargecontrolling member 50 and is shownas comprising an upper member 55 extending through and secured to themember 50. Spiders 58 may be secured to the upper member 55 to guide thedischarge-controlling member 55 in its vertical movement and to centerthe upper member 56. The tension member 55 also includes a lower member50, the adjacent ends of the members 55 and 50 being diflerentially oroppositely threaded to extend into a correspondinglythreaded sleeve 5|adjacent the T-fltting 44. Removal oi a plug 52 in this T-fltting givesaccess to the sleeve 6| which, by being rotated in one direction or theother, serves to adjust the total length of, the tension member 55. Onceadjusted, a suitable locking means, such as cotter pins 53, serves tolock the assembly.

A resilient downward pull is exerted on the lower end of the tensionmember 55 by a novel torsion means adjustable from a position outsidethe tank 30. This torsion means preferably includes a relatively longand thin spring torsion member 55, e. g.. a spring torsion rod. Thespring torsion member 55 is relatively resilient in torsion,

as distinct from being a rigidstructural member and for this purpose itis preferable that the ratio of its efiective length to its diametershould be in excess of about 30:1. It extends from the chamber 33 alongthe passage 4| of the second pipe 45 to a position outside the tank. Aswill be later described, the outer end of the torsion member is twistedto establish a torsion throughout the length of this member in adirection tending to turn the inner end of the member about its axis toapply the resilient bias through the tension member 55 to thedischarge-controlling member 50.

The inner end of the spring torsion member 55 is operatively connectedto the discharge-controbling member 50 through the tension member 55 bya means which translates rotary motion of the inner end of the torsionmember into a substantially linear motion, which is transmitted to thelower end of the tension member55 to exert a downward pull. Theresiliency of the downward biasing force depends primarily upon thetorque resiliency of the torsion member 65, aided in part by thelongitudinal elasticity of the tension member 55. These two sources ofresiliency can be relatively varied by changing the size of the torsionmember 65 relative to the tension member 55, but it is usually preferredthat a major portion of the resilient action arise from the twist ortorque in the torsion member 65.

The preferred way of translating a twist or rotary motion of the innerend of the torsion member 65 into a longitudinal pull on the lower endof the tension member 55 is best shown in Figs. 2 and 3. As there shown,two upper members or bolts 61 extend through the junction member 35 andits chamber 39 in horizontallyaligned relationship. These bolts 61 serveas a restraining means or rail means for preventing upward movement ofthe inner end of the torsion member. A lower member or bolt 69 traversesthe junction member 35 and the chamber 39 at a lower position. The innerend of the torsion member 65 extends between the upper and lower bolts6'! and 68 and its uppermost position is de-- termined by engagementwith the lower surfaces of the upper bolts 61, as shown. Similarly, itslowermost position is determined by engagement with the upper surface ofthe lower bolt 68.

In the preferred embodiment, a linkage is employed to interconnect thetorsion member 65 and the tension member 55. As best shown in Fig. 3,this linkage may include a lever 10 welded or otherwise secured to thetorsion member 65 at a position below the tension member 55. The end ofthis lever 10 extends between bifurcations H of an attachment member 12,through which the lower member 69 of the tension member 55 extends, thislower member being threaded to receive a nut 13 and carrying a collar 14above the attachment member 12 to limit the downward movement of thelower member 60. traverses the bifurcations and the lever 19 to connectpivotally the lever to the attachment member 12. A set screw 16 in oneor both of the bifurcations retains the pin I5 against axial movement.correspondingly, any tendency of the inner end of the torsion member 65to turn in a counter-clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 3, willexert a resilient downward pull on the tensio member 55.

It will be apparent from Figs. 3 and 5 that the torsion member 65 isdisplaced to one side of, but extends substantially parallel to, theaxis of the passage 4| of the second pipe 40, the displacementbeingsubstantially equal to the lever arm of the lever 19. It is desirablethat the axis I of the torsion member lie along a straight line,

thus preventing bends which might cause undue stresses in local sectionsof the torsion member when the torsion is applied. Rightward movement ofthe torsion member 65 or of the lower end of the tension member 55, asviewed in Fig. 3, is prevented by engagement of the circular or baseportion of the lever I0 with the inside wall of the chamber 39. Leftwardmovement of the inner ends of the members 55 and 65 can be prevented byany suitable means such as a plate 18 slidably engaged by the sides ofthe attachment member 12 and its bifurcations 'Il As best shown in Figs.2 and 3, this plate 18 is of a size to fit snugly between the bolts 61and carries at its lower end a spacing sleeve 19 surrounding the bolt 69and extending to a side wall of the junction member 35 to retain theplate 18 in A pin 6 guiding relationship with the attachment member 12.

The second pipe 40 extends to a wall of the tank 30, which acts as asupport therefor, and preferably to a position therebeyond. As shown,

the main portion of this second pipe 49 comprises a pipe 80 carrying aflange 8|. The outer'portion of the second pipe 40 is shown ascomprising a flanged nipple 82 with its inner flange connected to theflange 9!. This flanged nipple 92 is welded or otherwise secured to awall 93 of the tank 30. this wall 93 being either a portion of the mainside wall of the tank or a removable section thereof. In eitherinstance, the wall 93 forms a means for receiving the reaction torque ofthe spring torsion member, as later explained. A head 94, outside thetank 30, closes the end of the passage 4| formed by the second pipe 40.

A suitable twisting or control means 95, positioned outside the tank 30,is used to apply and maintain a torque in the torsion member and therebycontrol the downward resilient force applied to thedischarge-controlling member 50. The details of one embodiment of thecontrol means are best shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 5. Referring thereto, thetorsion member 65 extends through a neck 81 welded to the head 94 andcarrying a packing gland or sealing means 99 which guides and journalsthe torsion member 65 and forms a motion-permitting, fluid-tight sealtherefor. That portion of the torsion member 65 beyond the sealing means99 is journalled in a bracket 90 detachably connected to the head 84 bya bolt 9|. Between the journalling portion of the bracket 99 and thesealing means 99 is positioned a lever 92 bifurcated to be clamped bybolts 94 to the outer end of the torsion member (55,-the length of thelever 92 being greater than the lever Ill.

support means 91, an increasing torqueis applied to the torsion member65 through the lever 92.

The engagement member 99 is preferably disposed substantially ina planeperpendicular to the axis of the outer end of the torsion member 65. Itapplies to the lever 92 a pressure having a component in this plane andtangential to a circle drawnabout the axis of the outer end of thetorsion member 65. The engagement member 99 is preferably mounted fordisposition in and withdrawal from the locus of motion of the lever 92.In theembodirnent heretofore described this is accomplished by theremovable connection of the support means 91 relative to the tube 96when the bent pin 98 is withdrawn.

An alternative form of twisting or control means is shown in Figs- 6 and7 in which the support means comprises an adjustable block 19! carryinga conventional bolt acting as the engagement means 99 and bearingagainst the lever 92 as previously described. The block I0! isadjustably positioned with respect toan arcuate plate I02 mounted inspaced relationship with the head 84, as by short legs I99. The annularplate provides two series of holes disposed. in

pairs and bolts I" extend through any selected pair of holes to retainthe support means, comprising the block lfll, in any selected position.In this embodiment, a suitable weight can be applied to the end of thelever 82 to establish a torque approximately of the desired value.Thereafter, the block can be bolted in place and additional adjustmentscan be made by turning of the engagement member 89.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that the valve system or fluiddistribution system can adjusted from a position outside-the tank II andthat this adjustment can be made without interfering with the operationof the equipment. The discharge-controlling member 50 is urged towardopen-oriflce position by the pumped stream. The downward resilient orbiasing pressure applied to this discharge-controlling member can beadjusted' by turning the engagement member 99. By increasing thedownwardly-acting biasing force, it is possible to control accuratelythe volume of fluid discharged, the velocity of the stream 1, the "carryof the stream, the mixing action at the point of discharge or in thedischarge oriflee Ii, the relative amounts of fluid entering the tanksSI and 30, etc.

As the engagement member 99 is turned to apply a closely-adjustabletwist to the torsion member 65, the reaction torque is transmittedthrough this engagement member to the outer end of the second pipe 40,namely, to the flanged nipple '2 in the illustrated embodiment, to bereceived by the wall 83 which takes the reaction torque. This is ineontradistinction to transmitting this reaction torque through the pipe80 to be taken by the junction member 15.

An important feature of the invention is that the biasing force can beremoved at intervals to permit flushing of the system without drainingthe tank, after which the apparatus can be returned to the previous biassetting without difflculty. In certain processes, it is found thataccumulations oi foreign matter, such as scale,

tend to form in the valve system. These accumulations are particularlyharmiul adjacent the discharge orifice Si and it is often found thatforeign bodies, such as scale, etc. may accumulate at one or moreperipheral positions to interfere with the desiredperipherally-continuous,

' This will release the torsion in the spring torsion member 65. Thecorresponding release in biasing pressure applied to thedischarge-controlling member may dislodge any obstruction in the system,although it is usually desirable to decrease or eliminate the supply offluidand to oscillate the lever 82 to transmit a rapid vibration to thedischarge-controlling member 80, causing it to move upwardly anddownwardly with respect to the stationary discharge member 45. It willbe aimed that the invention provides a positive wnnection between thetorsion member and the discharge-controlling member 50 so that thelatter maybe movedpositively relative to the seat IL- This facilitatesdislodgement of scale or obstructions, particularly if thedischarge-controlling member is rapidly oscillated to apply percussionblows to the discharge member ll.

At the same time, the invention provides a means for re-applying. thesame biasing force sirable to re-apply exactly the same force. This isaccomplished merely by re-inserting the sup- -port means '1 andinserting the bent pin ll, all

without disturbing the setting of the engagement member OI. Inre-inserting the support means,

the lever 92 may be depressed manually or by any 7 suitable means. Uponrelease of, this depressing force, the lever will return to its formerposition, as determined by contact with the engagement member I.

Similarly, the control means shown in Figs. 6 and 7 provides for thesame flushing action and return of the previous biasing force. In thisembodiment, the block illl, comprising the support means, can bedetached by loosening the bolts Hi5. This will release the lever 92 andthe system can be flushed or cleaned as previously described.Thereafter, the block iOl can be replaced without disturbing the settingof the engagement member 93, whereby an identical biasing force isreapplied. I

If the complete apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is employed for synthesizingand separating dispersions, it will be apparent that the separatestreams delivered to the tanks 30 and 30' can be individually adiustedin volume, degree of mixing action upon discharge, etc., by adjustmentof the corresponding engagement member 99. For example, if it appearsthat the processing capacity of one tank is being exceeded, the operatorcan adjust the biasing force to reduce the flow thereto or change themixing action at the point of discharge. In some instances, theprocessing steps. may be largely completed before the dispersion entersthe tanks, as, for example, by permitting completion of reactions orphysical associations before discharge into the tanks. In this instance,the tanks may serve merely as a separating means. On the other hand,processing steps in addition to mere separation may be convenientlyperformed in the tanks or additional aids to resolution or separationmay be utilized within the tanks. Numerous types of such aids arefamiliar to those skilled in the art, such, for example, as the use orapplication of heat, pressure, agitatiom chemical action, electricfields, etc. within the tank.

Various types of processing steps performed in the tanks can befacilitated by agitation or circulation within the tank induced by theincoming stream. For example, in Fig. l the stream 52 may discharge insubmerged position to establish recirculation paths within a liquid inthe tank. Fig. 1 shows upper and lower annular members 120 and HImounted to extend substantially horizontally at positions respectivelyabove and below the elevation of the discharging stream 52. Such membersmay be perforate or imperforate and may be held 'in position by anysuitable means, not shown. The stream 52 may be discharged in spacedrelationship with each of these members and the injector action of thestream will draw liquid into the central openings of the annular membersI20 and III and establish upcomprises oil, washing through a body ofwater is often desirable andthe upper surface of this water may becarriedabove the discharge-controlling member 50, e. g., as indicated bythe numeral I25. In such instances, the washed oil can be removedthrough an upper pipe I26 to a header I21, suitably valved at I28 tomaintain a back pressure on the tank, while the washing or other liquidcan be withdrawn from the lower end of the tank through a pipe I29 tomove to a head-v er I31), also suitably valved at I3I for a similarpurpose, If both tanks are being employed, the upper eflluent from thetank 30' is preferably moved to the header I2I ahead of the valve I28through a pipe I26, the lower eiiiuent being similarly delivered to theheader I30 ahead of the valve I3I through a pipe I29. Control of backpressures by throttling the eilluent flows in the headers producesadvantageous results as compared with individually throttling the flowsfrom the individual tanks. In this connection, the upper eflluents ofthe two tanks are always at the same pressure, as are also the lowereffluents of these tanks, and the relative amounts of liquids deliveredto the two tanks are directly determined by the relative settings of thetwo control means.

On the other hand, if the interfacial level is carried below thedischarge-controlling member 50, for example, at a level indicated atI39, the incoming stream will be discharged into the upper of twoseparated, or partially separated, bodies and the induced recirculationindicated by 10 member extending inside a first pipe means having aremote-end adjacent said remote end of said tension member andpressurally coupled therewith to impose a compressive force on saidfirst pipe-means when said tension-applyingend is pulled to establish atension therein, there being a fluid conductive space inside said firstpipe means around said tension member, said apparatus including incombination: a second pipe means extending substantially at right anglesfrom said first pipe means; a hollow junction member rigidly connectedto said second pipe means and providing means for connecting said first'pipe means rigidly thereto, said junction member joining said first andsecond pipe means, the interior of said second pipe means communicatingwith the interior of said first pipe means through said junction member;an end member on that end of said second pipe means removed from saidjunction member; a spring torsion rod extending longitudinallycompletely through said second pipe means and having an inner end insaid junction member and an outer end rotatably extending through saidend member to a position outside said second pipe means; meanstraversing the interior of said hollow junction member and engaging saidinner end of said spring torsion rod'to restrain same from movement in adirection axially of said first pipe the arrows I23 and I24 may aid inthe treatment Y being carried out within the tank 30. For example, therecirculations may retain or carry any material not completely processeduntil this processing is complete, at which time the material canseparate from the recirculation paths. In other instances, the inducedrecirculations can be very advantageously used if some treating actiontakes place between the annular members I20 and I2I, for example, ifthese members are maintained at a different potential to establishtherebetween a cataphoretic or coalescing electric field.

While the invention has been particularly exemplified with reference tothe synthesizing and separation of dispersions, it should be clear thatthe apparatus may be used in the processing of various homogeneousliquids without departing from the spirit of the invention. In thisevent, the pump II] may deliver the homogeneous liquid to the system andthe pump I5 ma deliver another liquid miscible therewith. This secondliquid may be of such character as to throw down precipitates whichsettle in the tanks, or it may be of such nature as to partiallycomplete its action before discharge through the orifice 5| andpartially after discharge into the liquid body in the tank. If theprocess is one which produces precipitates, these can be separated inthe tank and withdrawn through the pipe I30 or they may remain in themain stream of liquid to discharge through the pipe I21.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my application Serial No.483,661, filed April 19, 1943, now Patent No. 2,443,646, issued on June22, 1948.

Various changes and modifications can be made without departing from thespirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In an apparatus for placing an adjustable tension in a tension memberhaving a tensionapplying end and a remote end, said tension means; alinkage in said hollow junction member for operatively connecting saidinner end of said spring torsion rod to said tension-applying end'ofsaid tension member to exert a pull on the latter when said outer end ofsaid spring torsion rod is turned axially in one rotative direction tothereby place a tension stress, in said tension member and a compressivestress in said first pipe means; and means for twisting said outer endof said spring torsion rod at a position outside said second pipe meansto turn same through a suflicient angle in said one rotative directionto place said rod under torsion, said twisting means including means forholding said outer end of said spring torsion rod in its twistedposition to maintain it in torsion and place said tenson member undertension and said first pipe means under compression.

2. In an apparatus for placing an adjustable tension in a tension memberhaving a tensionapplying end and a remote end restrained againstmovement axiall of said tension member to permit establishing a tensiontherein when said tension-applying end is pulled, said apparatusincluding in combination: a pipe means extending substantially at rightangles to said tension member from one side thereofv and having a closedouter end; a spring torsion rod within said pipe means and having anaxis extending substantially at right angles to the axis of said tensionmember, said spring torsion rod having an inner end near saidtension-applying end of said tension member and having an outer endextending rotatably from said closed end of said pipe means to aposition outside said pipe means; a linkage for operatively connectingsaid inner end of said spring torsion rod to said tensionapplying end ofsaid tension member to exert a pull thereon when said outer end of saidspring torsion rod is turned axially in one rotative direction; a hollowjunction member into which extends said tension-applying end of saidtension member and said inner end of said spring torsion rod, said pipemeans being secured to said hollow junction member, said linkage beingdisposed within said hollow junction member;

means inside said hollow junction member for restraining said inner endof said spring torsion rod against movement in a direction axially ofsaid tension member; and means outside said pipe means for twisting saidouter end of said spring torsion rod to turn same in said one rotativedirection and through a suflicient angle to place said rod under torsionand apply a tension force to said tension member by pulling thereon,said twisting means including means for holding said outer end of saidspring torsion rod in its twisted position to maintain it in torsion.

3. In an apparatus for placing an adjustable tension in a tension memberhaving a tensionapplying end and a remote end restrained againstmovement axially of said tension member to permit establishing a tensiontherein when said tension-applying end is pulled, said apparatusincluding in combination: a pipe means extending substantially at rightangles to said tension member from one side thereof and having a closedouter end; a spring torsion rod within said pipe means and having anaxis extending substantially at right angles to the axis of said tensionmember, said spring torsion rod having an inner end near saidtension-applying end of said tension member and having an outer endextending rotatably from said closed end of said pipe means to aposition outside said pipe means; a linkage for operatively connectingsaid inner end of said spring torsion rod to said tenison-applying endof said tension member to exert a pull thereon when said outer end ofsaid spring torsion rod is turned axially in one rotative direction;means outside said pipe means for twis ing said outer end of said springtorsion rod to turn same in said one rotative direction and through asufficient angle to place said rod under torsion and apply a tensionforce to said tension member by pulling thereon, said twisting meansincluding means for holding said outer end of said spring torsion rod inits twisted position to maintain it in torsion; and a support for saidpipe means intermediate the ends thereof whereby said pipe meansincludes an outer section extending beyond said support, said twistingmeans including means acting between said outer end of said springtorsion rod and said outer section of said pipe means, said outersection of said pipe means thus receiving the reaction force of saidtwisting means and tending to be twisted in a reverse direction ascompared with said spring torsion rod, the reaction force beingtransmitted through said outer section of said pipe means to saidsupport.

4. In an apparatus for placing an adjustable tension in a tension memberhaving a tensionapplying end and a remote end restrained againstmovement axially of said tension member to permit establishing a tensiontherein when said tension-applying end is pulled, said apparatus in--cluding in combination: a pipe means extending substantially at rightangles to said tension member from one side thereof; a member forclosing the outer end of said pipe means, said member having an openingcommunicating with the interior of said pipe means at a position to oneside of the axis thereof; a spring torsion rod within said pipe meansand having an axis substantially at right angles to the axis of saidtension member, said spring torsion rod having an inner end near saidtension-applying end of said tension member and having an outer endextending rotatably from said pipe means through said opening of saidmember and to a position outside said pipe means, said torsion rodextending cit center along said pipe means on one side of the centralaxis of said pipe means; a linkage for operatively connecting said innerend of said spring torsion rod to said tension-applying end of saidtension member to exert a pull thereon when said outer end of saidspring torsion rod is turned axially in one rotative direction; andmeans outside said pipe means for twisting said outer end of said springtorsion rod to turn same in said one rotative direction and through asuflicient angle to place said rod under torsion and apply a tensionforce to said tension member by pulling thereon, said twisting meansincluding means for holding said outer end of said spring torsion rod inits twisted position to maintain it in torsion.

5. An apparatus as defined in claim 4 in which said linkage includes alever secured to the inner end of the off-center spring torsion rod andextending in a direction toward the axis of said pipe means to providean inner end, and means for connecting said inner end of said lever tosaid tension-applying end of said tension member.

6. In an apparatus for placing an adjustable tension in a. tensionmember having a tensionapplying end and a remote end restrained againstmovement axially of said tension member to permit establishing a tensiontherein when said tension-applying end is pulled, said apparatusincluding in combination: a spring torsion rod having an axis extendingsubstantially at right angles to the axis of said tension member, saidspring torsion rod having an inner end near said tension-applying end ofsaid tension member and an outer end at a remote point; means foroperatively connecting said inner end of said spring torsion rod to saidtension-applying end of said tension member to exert a pull thereon whensaid spring torsion rod is turned axially in one rotative direction; ahead member at said remote point, said outer end of said spring torsionrod extending beyond said head member; a lever secured to said outer endof said spring torsion rod at a position beyond said head member; wallssecured to said head member to provide a socket; a support meansremovably retained in said socket; and an engagement member threadedlyreceived by said support means and bearing against said lever toadjustably twist said outer end of said spring torsion rod, the torsionin said rod being temporarily removable and exactly replaceable byremoving said support means from said socket while the setting of saidengagement member relative to said su port means remains unchanged.

7. An apparatus as defined in claim 6, in which said wall means providesa plurality of sockets selectively receptive of said support means.

DELBER W. TURNER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,041,539 Gaultier May 19, 19362,092,614 Olley Sept. 7, 1937 2,100,057 Krebs Nov. 23, 1937 2,133,739Collins Oct. 18, 1938 2,393,328 Mahone Jan. 22, 1946 2,453,416 Dom Nov.9, 1948 2,443,646 Turner June 22, 1948 Certificate of Correction PatentNo. 2,557,847 June 19, 1951 DELBER W. TURNER It is hereby certified thaterror appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction asfollows:

In the grant, line 6, title of invention, for STEMS read SYSTEMS and inthe heading to the drawings, sheets 1 and 2, line 2, and in the headingto the printed specification, line 2, for STEM read SYSTEM; colunm 10,line 46, for tenson read tension; column 11, line 31, fortenison-applying read temion-wpplyz'ng;

and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, sothat the same may conform to the record of the case in the PatentOflioe. Signed and sealed this 11th day of September, A. D. 1951.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Uo'mmz'ssz'oner of Patents.

